利用一個中間開孔的球體做閥心，靠旋轉球體來控制閥的開啟和關閉。球閥可做直通、三通或四通。球閥在管道上主要作截斷、分配和改變介質流動方向用。

Using a ball with a central opening as the valve core, control the opening and closing of the valve by rotating the ball. Ball valves can be made in straight, three-way, or four-way. Ball valves are mainly used for cutting, distributing, and changing the direction of medium flow in pipelines.

　　由于球閥座應用了橡膠材料，所以其使用溫度收到了限制。為了應付可能發生的火災情況，許多設計者都采用輔助性的金屬對金屬密封。

Due to the use of rubber material in the ball valve seat, its usage temperature is limited. In order to cope with possible fire situations, many designers use auxiliary metal to metal seals.

　　球閥不適宜用作節流閥，但其在部分開啟狀態下，可用來將進入或排出系統的壓力減少。在生產設備上，球閥常用作一般目的的開/閉閥。

Ball valves are not suitable as throttling valves, but they can be used to reduce the pressure entering or exiting the system when partially open. On production equipment, ball valves are commonly used as opening/closing valves for general purposes.

　　浮動球球閥：

Floating ball valve:

　　其球體是浮動的，在介質壓力作用下，球體能產生一定的位移并壓附在出口端的密封圈上，保證出口端密封。

The sphere is floating, and under the pressure of the medium, the sphere can generate a certain displacement and attach to the sealing ring at the outlet end, ensuring the sealing at the outlet end.

　　這種球閥結構簡單、密封性好，但在出口端密封處承壓高，操作扭矩也較大。這種結構廣泛應用于中低壓球閥。

This type of ball valve has a simple structure and good sealing performance, but it has high pressure and high operating torque at the outlet sealing point. This structure is widely used in medium and low pressure ball valves.

　　固定球球閥：

Fixed ball valve:

　　這種球閥的球體是固定的，受壓后不產生移動，通常與球成一體的上下軸上裝有滾動或滑動軸承，操作扭矩小，適用于高壓和大口徑閥門。

The ball of this type of ball valve is fixed and does not move under pressure. Usually, the upper and lower shafts integrated with the ball are equipped with rolling or sliding bearings, which have low operating torque and are suitable for high-pressure and large-diameter valves.

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